Which of the following is a recommended precaution for osteoporosis during training?

• A. Avoid high-impact jumping
• B. Avoid trunk flexion and powerful twisting movements of the trunk
• C. Avoid any sit-ups
• D. Avoid upper body exercise altogether

Answer: (B)

Protecting the spine from bending and twisting loads during training is essential when osteoporosis is present. Ver­tebrae become more fragile with low bone density, so movements that drive the spine into forward flexion or strong rotational twists increase fracture risk. The best precaution is to avoid trunk flexion and powerful twisting movements of the trunk, keeping the spine in a neutral position and using controlled, stable movements. This directly reduces the bending and torsional stresses on the vertebrae while still allowing safe strength work.

Other options are less direct: high‑impact jumping can be risky but is not as precisely tied to spinal loading; sit-ups emphasize trunk flexion and can be problematic, but safer core options exist that maintain spinal neutrality; and completely avoiding upper body exercise is unnecessarily conservative, since with proper technique and progression many upper body movements can be performed safely.