Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when scaling or substituting a movement?

• A. Whether the movement is primarily driven by the lower body or upper body
• B. The plane of movement
• C. The color of the athlete's shoes
• D. The range of motion used by the movement

Answer: (C)

Scaling or substituting a movement is about preserving what the movement is asking the body to do by adjusting factors that affect technique and loading: which part of the body provides the drive (lower vs upper body), the plane of motion, and the range of motion used. The color of the athlete’s shoes does not influence biomechanics, balance, or safety, so it isn’t something you consider when scaling. In practice, you’d adapt by reducing range of motion, choosing a variation that retains the same plane and muscle demands, or lowering the load, not by changing anything cosmetic like footwear color.