Which joint allows elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, and spinning?

• A. Glenohumeral Joint
• B. Acromioclavicular Joint
• C. Sternoclavicular Joint
• D. Scapulothoracic Joint

Answer: (C)

The sternoclavicular joint is the joint that allows elevation and depression, protraction and retraction, and spinning (axial rotation) of the clavicle. It’s a saddle-shaped synovial articulation between the medial end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. Its design provides three degrees of freedom: the clavicle can rise and lower (elevation/depression), move forward and backward (protraction/retraction), and rotate around its long axis during shoulder movements (spin). This combination is essential for full shoulder girdle mobility as the arm moves. Other joints in the region contribute differently—often mainly gliding or aiding overall scapular motion—without providing these three coordinated motions at once.