Which aging change concerns immune function?

• A. Hormonal changes
• B. Immune system changes (reduced function, inflammatory response)
• C. Musculoskeletal changes
• D. Reduced elasticity

Answer: (B)

Immune function tends to change with age, often showing a slower and less robust response plus a shift toward a pro‑inflammatory state. This means reduced ability to fight infections and a higher baseline level of inflammation, which can affect recovery and illness risk for older athletes. Hormonal changes, musculoskeletal changes, and reduced tissue elasticity relate to other body systems, not specifically the immune system, so they don’t describe immune function as precisely.