What is rhabdomyolysis?

• A. A medical condition that might arise from breakdown of muscle tissue and release of muscle cells' contents into the bloodstream, potentially damaging kidneys and may lead to renal failure or death in rare cases.
• B. A mild muscle strain after heavy lifting.
• C. A genetic disorder of bone density.
• D. A respiratory infection causing muscle weakness.

Answer: (A)

Rhabdomyolysis occurs when skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing intracellular contents such as myoglobin into the bloodstream. This can overwhelm the kidneys and lead to acute kidney injury, which in severe cases may progress to renal failure or, rarely, death. It’s often triggered by intense or unaccustomed exercise, dehydration, heat, crush injuries, or certain medications or toxins. Common signs include muscle pain, swelling, weakness, and dark urine from myoglobin. The other descriptions describe a mild muscle strain, a bone-density issue, or a respiratory infection, none of which involve rapid muscle breakdown and the associated risk to the kidneys.