The axial skeleton includes which structures?

• A. Limbs and girdles
• B. Pelvis and limbs
• C. Skull, vertebral column, ribs, collarbones and sternum
• D. Pelvic bones and scapulae

Answer: (C)

The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body, supporting the head, neck, and trunk and protecting vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs. Its main components are the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage (ribs and sternum). This option lists those central bones, including the sternum as part of the rib cage, and even notes the collarbones, which are often discussed in connection with the shoulder area but are commonly grouped with axial structures in practice questions for simplicity. That alignment makes this choice the best fit. In contrast, limbs and girdles (the limbs and their attachments) and the pelvic girdle/scapulae belong to the appendicular skeleton.