Metabolic disorders include which of the following groups?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome
• C. Infections
• D. Autoimmune diseases

Answer: (B)

Metabolic disorders arise from problems in how the body processes and regulates energy substrates, especially glucose, fats, and proteins, and how insulin helps them use energy. Diabetes mellitus shows chronic high blood sugar from insufficient insulin action or response. Prediabetes is an earlier stage with elevated glucose that hasn’t reached diabetes criteria yet. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors—central obesity, insulin resistance, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure—that together indicate disrupted metabolic regulation. These conditions all center on metabolic regulation and energy use, which is why they belong together as metabolic disorders. Infections are pathogen-driven, and autoimmune diseases involve immune system misregulation, not core metabolic processing.