In overhead squats, which fault is described by internally rotated shoulders?

• A. Bar moving forward of the frontal plane
• B. Inactive shoulder position
• C. Internally rotated shoulders
• D. Immature torso position

Answer: (C)

Shoulder positioning and stability set the foundation for a solid overhead position. When the shoulders are internally rotated, the upper arm turns inward, limiting external rotation at the glenohumeral joint. This reduces the ability to keep the bar directly overhead and stable, often allowing the bar to drift forward and the arms to lose proper alignment. Describing this fault as internally rotated shoulders directly identifies the rotation issue at the shoulder that compromises the overhead position, making it the best label. To improve it, cue external rotation and active scapular control, keep the chest tall, and ensure the bar stays stacked over the midline with the elbows tracking forward.