Diabetes is associated with increased incidence of which complications?

• A. Cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness, amputations, and premature mortality
• B. Better vision and renal function
• C. Only cardiovascular disease
• D. No associated complications

Answer: (A)

Diabetes raises risk for many long-term complications because consistently high blood glucose damages blood vessels and nerves over time, affecting both large vessels and tiny vessels. This leads to macrovascular problems like cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke) and microvascular problems such as kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) and eye damage that can cause blindness. Nerve damage and poor circulation also increase the risk of infections and amputations. Altogether, diabetes is linked to a higher likelihood of premature mortality due to these combined complications. That’s why the option listing cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness, amputations, and premature death is the best answer. The other choices misrepresent the risk by suggesting only one outcome, no complications, or even improvements in vision or kidney function, which doesn’t align with diabetes.